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Syllabus of Higher Secondary
Standard - 11 & 12
(General Stream - English Medium)
Implemented From June - 2004 in Standard - 11,
Implemented From June - 2005 in Standard - 12
History (029)
Standard: 11
Course Structure
Semester I : Ancient India
Semester II : Medieval India
Semester III : Modern India
Semester IV
Any one of the following:
• History of the Contemporary World - History of East Asia
• History of West Asia - History of Modern World
Note: For the present, only the course In the History of the Contemporary World has been devised. Other courses would be devised at a later date. Each semester would be for about six months duration. There would be approximately 104 period available for each course, the duration of one period being 35-40 minutes.
Evaluation
Semesterization is recommended for this course. 40% weightage in terms of marks in each semester will be allocate to continuous and comprehensive assessment and the remaining 60% to the final examination.
Continuous and comprehensive assessment remains important even, outside the semester system, in which case 60% weightage in terms of marks will be allocated to continuous and compreshnsive evaluation and the remaining 40% to the final examination.
Unit 1: INTRODUCTION:-
Tradition of History writing Beginning of the Modern historiography - Significance of tradition as related to history - The traditional history of India - Limitation and significance. Scope, nature, method and sources of Ancient India - Literary - Archaeological-, i Foreign Ac-_ counts. Geological and Geographical back-ground of Indian history. EternalIndia: A cultural setting In a geographical locale.
Unit III: Early Indian cultural patterns
Paleolithic cultures of India. Neolithic Age -Beginnings of the settled life - agriculture and domestication of animals. Chalcolithic Age - Copper Age.
Unit III :The Harappan Civilization
Phases, Extent and Antiquity - Authors of the civilization. Town Planning and Material Life -Buildings,
Drainage. Great Bath, Granaries Fortification, etc. - Social Life - Economic Activities: Weight and Measures. Tools and implements, Medicine. Weapons. Trade and Commerce, Industries like Spinning, potteries, seals, metals & stones. Spiritual and Religious Life - Yogic figurines - Mother goddess - Shiva Worship - Nature Worship: animal worship, fire, water, etc. Funerary customs - Art and Aesthetics - dress - ornaments - household and toilet items - games, etc. - Harappan Script – Contacts with other contemporary cultures - The Vedic connection and legacy of Harappan civilization.
Unit IV: The Vedic Culture
The Vedic literature -The classification of Early and Later Vedic periods - India as described In Vedic literature - Known Geographical extent of Vedic civilization - The antiquity of Vedas and Vedic people - Spiritual and religious traditions of the Vedic India -The material culture as described In the Vedas - Political organization - Sabha, Samiti, Rashtra, etc. concept and practice - Social organization - Economic Activities - The Aesthetics - The Mathematics and Science (Third to First millennium B.C.)
Unit V: South and North-Bast India
South India from Megalithic culture to Sangarn Literature - The prehistoric man in North-East India.
Unit VI: Germination of High Philosophy
The Spiritual and Philosophical thought as described in Upanishads. Brahmans and the Sutras - Upanishadic thought as predecessor to and Its link with Jain, Buddhist and other new streams of thought - The contribution of India to the Philosophical thought of the World 'The legacy and significance.
Unit VII: Jainism and Buddhism
Early Tirthankaras to Mahavir - The rise and growth of Jainism - Doctrines, and the philosophic and spiritual content of Jainism -Jainism: Canon, and Icons, spread of Jainism after Mahavir. Contribution of Jainism -Gautarn Buddha - Early Life - Dhamma: The doctrines of Buddhism - Sangha: The organization of the Budd1hist Sangha - The History of Buddhist Sangha, Spread of Buddhism –Buddhist sculpture - the icons and Images of Buddha - The Buddhist Literature and India as described In it - The Pitakas, the Nikayas -Sutta Nipata, Therigatha, Jatakas and Milind Panho. Other sects.
Unit VIII : Mahajanpadas
The Sixteen Mahajanpadas - The Autonomous Clans - Rise and expansion of Magadhan Empire - causes and consequences - Iranian and Macedonian invasions and their consequences.
Unit IX: Mauryas
The political conditions - Chanakya and his efforts for geographical and political unity, rise of Chandragupta Maurya - Maurya at tempts at political unity of India - Expansion and consolidation of the Maurya Empire - Ashoka his early conquests and the extent of Ashoka's empire – Arthashashtra - Maurya Administration - society - economy - rellgion - art and architecture - Language – Science and Technology - Crafts, artisans and their organization - Trade and Commerce : inland and overseas - his inscription - ashoka and spread of Buddhism - contacts with outside world - The later Mauryas and decline of the empire - causes. The legacy of Mauryas.
Unit X: Post-Mauryan India
The Political situation in Post Maurya Period: The Shungas - Pushyamitra - Kanvas - The Yavanas - Shakas and the Parthians - The Kushanas - The beginnings of the VIkrarn Samvat and Saka. Samvat. The Rise -ef Pow-ers: North and East - Satraps of Western In-/dIa - Deccan and the South.
Unit XI: The Social Life as reflected in Contemporary Literature from 300 BC to 300 AD
The Literature: Epics - The Dharmashastras and Smritis - The Sangam and other Litera-ture – Social Conditions: Caste - four stages of Life - family life Institution of Marriage and Status of Women - Aesthetic life - Dress and ornaments, households and furniture -food and drink - general life - Achievements in Material Progress - The Status of Science and Technology - Trade and Commerce with, foreign countries - India and her relations with outside world: Western countries - India and reece - India and Egypt - India and the Ro-man Empire - India In Western Literature, India and Central Asia - India and Sri Lanka - India and South and South East Asia.
Unit XII: India from Guptas to Harsha
The emergence of the Guptas - Chandragupta
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Samudragupta and Chandragupta
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Their conquests and Vikramaditya tradition. Expansion and consolidation of Gupta Empire – Gupta Polity - Administration - the later Guptas and the-decline of the dynasty - Gupta attempt to unite India. India after the decline of Guptas - Rise of Valabhi - Gurjars of Rajputana - and Nandipuri - The rise of Maukharls - Prabhakarvardhan Rajyavardhan - Harshvardhan - The Dynasties of Deccan and the South.
Unit XIII: The Society and Culture in the age of Guptas and Harsha
Literature - Sanskrit - Tamil - Foreign accounts - The Religion - Buddhism - Jainism - Vaishavism - Shaivism - Minor Religious sects, Christianity - India as described by Fahien - Art and Architecture - Sculpture (various schools) - Paintings Ajanta, etc. Cave temples - Terracotta - Coins, and seals, etc. - Achievements in science and technology -Social conditions - Education - Economic conditions - India and the outside world - West -China - Central Asia - Tibet - South East Asia - Trade and Commerce with the world - Influence of India on World Civilization with special reference to South East Asia.
Unit XIV: India after Harsha: The Rise of Small Kingdoms
The Contemporary Political conditions and the Tripartite conflict between the Rashtrakutas, Pratlharas and Palas - Northern and Eastern India - Central and Western India - The Arabian Intrusions Into India - The Deccan and South - The second tripartite war among Paramaras, Chandellas and Chahmanas and the advent of Muslims in India.
UNIT XV: Society and Culture in Post-Harsha Period
Language and Literature - Religion and Philosophy - Social and Economic life - Art and Architecture, Literature, Science and Technology, Trade and Commerce Crafts. Spread of Indian Culture abroad with special reference to South East Asia and East Asia.
MEDIEVAL INDIA
Unit I : Medieval Period
Historiographical debate and Sources of history for the period - Rise of Islam and Arabia – Arabian Invasions of India and their impact. India's contact with other parts of the world with special emphasis
on relations with South East and East Asia.
Unit II : The Rise of Ghaznavis
Sabuktigin - Mahmud - Turkish invasions -Establishment of Delhi Sultanat - Phases of expansion - invasions of Taimur and the end of Tughlaqs. The successors of Sultanat - Gujarat, Khandesh and Malwa. Jaunpur, Bengal, Sindh and Multan - Government and Life under Delhi Sultanat - Social and economic conditions - Religions - Trends in population - Art and architecture.
Unit III : The Political Conditions
Growth of small Kingdoms - Mewar and Marwar (Rajasthan) - Eastern Gangas and the Gajapatis of Orissa - Kashmir: Rise of Cholas (from Rajraja the Great to Rajendra 111) - Political organization with special emphasis on Local Self Government - Language and Literatures - Religion and Philosophy - Social and Economic conditions - Art and Architecture - Cultural Expansion -Yadavas, Senas. And Deva Dynasty in East India - Kingdom of Assam - Tripura - Manipur and Jayantia. Nepal, and Bihar - Rashtrakutas and Gahadavals - The Chandellas and Kalachuris (both of Tripuri and Ratnapur) – Later Chalukyas and Kalachuri of Kalyani -Yadavas of Devagiri. The Eastern Deccan - Kakatiya, Chalukyas and Gangas - Somvanshis, etc. - The Hoysalas - and Later Pandyas. Age of Vijaynagar and Bahamanlds - Political history.
Life under Vijyanagar - Trade and Commerce - Art and Architecture - major contributions. Malabar and coming of the Portugese - The Advent of the Mughals: Early Mughal invasion and conquests - Shershah and his Achievements - Akbar, his expansion and consolidation of the empire – Mughal Administration and the Army - Contacts with foreign lands. Collaboration with the smaller states Resistance to the Mughal power- Rajputs, Sikhs, Jats, Marathas, Satnamls, Bundelas, Gujrat and Kashmir. Disintegration of the Mughal Empire - Life and Times during the Mughal age: Social-economic conditions - Language and Literature - Art and architecture, -Religion and Philosophy, Science and Technology, etc. The legacy, heritage and significance of Medieval India.
Standard - 12
Unit I : Introduction and Sources of Modern Indian History
Unit II : Late 18th Century India and Struggle for Power
Hyderabad and Karnatic, Bengal, Assam and North-East Avadh, Mysore, Areas around Delhi, Bangash, Pathans and Rohillas, Rajputana, the Sikhs and Maratha power.
Unit III : Rise of the British
European companies and their settlements in India - Dutch, Portuguese, French, and British - Anglo-French struggle in South India, British occupation of Bengal - dual administration in Bengal - Establishment of British paramountancy under Lord Hastings (1813-1822). conquest of Sindh. Dalhousle and the policy of annexation.
Unit IV : Structure of Government and Administrative organisation of the British Empire in India (1757-1857)
Structure of Government - civil service, army police, Judicial organization - Its merits and defects, elements of distrust, rule of law and equality before law.
Unit V : Uprising of 1857
Causes of discontent against British rule - beginning, growth and immediate causes of 1857 uprising; cause of Its failure. Nature and results.
Unit VI : Economic Impact of British Rule
Description of traditional economy - ruin of artisans and craftsmen, impact of British revenue policy, stagnation of agriculture, development of modern Industries, poverty and famines.
Unit VII : Social and Religious Reforms
Raja Rammohan Roy and Brahmo Samaj. Jotlba Phule, Dayanand and Arya Samaj. Ramakrlshna and Vivekanand, Aurobindo, Narayan Guru. Veerasallngam, Theosophical Society, Sayyad Ahmad Khan and Aligarh Movement, Religious reforms among Sikhs, Social Legislation and Indian response,
Unit VIII : National Movement (1857-1905)
Consequences of foreign domination, administrative and economic unification of the country. Western thoughts and education and its impact on India; role of press and literature, rediscovery of India's past, racial arrogance of British, Predecessors of National Congress, Indian National Congress and early phase of National Movement (1885-1905), other political organization.
Unit IX : Nationalist Movement (1905-1918)
Recognition of the true nature of British rule, growth of self-respect and self-confidence, nationalist school of thought. Partition of Bengal. Anti-partition movement, swaraj, swadeshi and boycott, and its impact, Nationalist movement, growth of revolutionaries, Indian National Congress (1905-1914). The Muslim League, the Home Rule Leagues, Luckow Session of the Congress (1916).
Unit X : Struggle for Swaraj (1919-1947)
Constitutional changes in 1919 and 1935, Mahatma Gandhi and Independence movement, his Ideas of non-violence and satyagraha. and constructive programme; movement against Rowlatt Act, Jallianwalan Bagh 'Massacre, Khilafat and Non-cooperation Movements, revolutionaries, Simon Commission and Indian reaction, civil disobedience movement, Indian Councils Act of 1935, Formation of Congress ministries, Quit India Movement, at and Non-cooperation Movements, Subhas Chandra Bose and INA, growth of Communalism and partition of India, Independence and immediate problems.
Unit XI : Path of Progress and Building of Strong India
Models for the Economic Developments Five Year Plans - Industrialisation, Green Revolution, Upliftment of poor. Emphasis on Primary and Higher Education, Establishment of Universities and IITs, Nuclear and Space Research programmes, other scientific and technological developments, communication and Information technology, relations with superpowers and with neighbours.
The Contemporary World
Unit I : Introduction
Contemporary period In world history - Distinction between contemporary history and modern history - Characteristic features of contemporary history'- A broad survey of the historical background of the contemporary world.
Unit II : Beginning of Modern age
Renaissance - Reformation - Scientific Inventions - Geographical explorations - Rise of Colonialism - Bloodless Revolution - French Revolution - American War of Independence -Rise of Nationalism with reference to Italy and Germany - Evolution of Parliamentary system In. Britain -Emergence of Socialist Ideas.
Unit III : The World from about the End 'of the Nineteenth Century to the End of the First World War
Developments leading to the First World War - Consequences Including its Impact on India. The Russian Revolution.
Unit IV: The World from 1919 to 1939
League of Nations- Fascism in Italy - Economic depression - Its economic, social and political consequences - Nazism In Germany - The New Deal - Growing Importance of the U.S.A. in the world - Developments in Britain and France - Emergence of the U.S.S.R. Development in Africa and Latin America (1919-1939) - Nationalist movements In Asia - Militarism in Japan - Japan's emergence as a world power. Aggression and Appeasements - Japanese Invasion of China - Italian invasion of Ethiopia - Nazi Germany's role in world affairs - Anti-Comintern Pact - Munich Pact.
Unit V : The Second World War
Causes of the Second World War- German Invasion of Poland and outbreak of war - Fall of France. The War becomes a global war - Invasion of the USSR - US entry Into the War - Course of the War, End of the War - Destruction caused by the war - The Atom Bomb - Plans of the post War reconstruction of the world - United Nations - UN Declaration of Human Rights
Unit VI : The World after the Second World War
General Features- Political composition of the world after the Second World War- Disintegration of the colonial imperialist system - Neocolonialism - Emergence of the U.S.A. and U.S.S.R. as world powers- Formation of Israel - Revolution in China - Formation of N.A.T.O. and Warsaw pact – Cold War - Socioeconomic impact of cold war in Europe - Nuclear weapons - Development in Asia and Africa (including Tibet) Success of the movements of national independence - National liberation movements in Africa - Struggle against apartheid - Bandung conference - The Non-aligned Movement.
The rise of Mikhail Gorbachev and beginnings of the Soviet disintegration - decline of communism in Europe and collapse of Soviet system - its impact on the world - changes in Europe and China - Germany. Czechoslovakia, Romania.
Unit VII : Polity, Economy and Society In the Contemporary World
Main forms of the State in the contemporary world - The process of industrialization and its impact Impact on non industrialized countries - Problems of development, Terrorism, etc.
Unit VIII : Development In Science, Technology and Culture
Major developments in science and technology - New sources of energy - Industrial production - Transport and communications - Means of destruction - Developments in biological sciences - Information technology. Literature and art in the contemporary world. Impact of the revolution in commutations - The mass media - Newspapers, Radio, Cinema, Television and Computers – Impact on culture.
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